Objects & Data Types In R

#What are Objects in R?#

There are several basic R objects and data types that we encounter frequently in our R programming.

objects can be listed as:

• Numeric
• Integer
• Logical
• Complex
• Character

 Data types can be Listed as:

• Vectors
• Lists 
• Matrices
• Data Frames 
• Factors 

 # Objects #

• Numeric

• Decimal values are called as numeric.
• If we assign decimal value to a variable, it will be of type Numeric.
• Even if we assign integer to a variable it will treat as numeric.
• ex. 3x = numeric

• Integer

• In order to declare as integer, we invoke 'as.integer'
• Numeric value can be invoked as integer.

• Logical

• A Logical value is often created via Comparison between variables.
• ex.) x>y ans: True or False (It will use when we use the control structure.)
• standard logical operations are "&" (and), "|" (or), "!" (negation)

• Complex

• A complex value is defined via pure imaginary value i.
• ex. 3 + 4i is complex

• Character

• A character object is used to represent string values in R, We convert objects into character values with the as.character() function.
• Two character values can be Concatenated with the paste Function.
• Many Functions are available that does string operations.(we have a dedicated chapter for it)

# How to handle Objects in R?#

1. image
2. Logical data are used in loops. If we are using "if loop", you always need to give a condition.
3. So, we will discuss logical objects there.
4. So, you need to keep in mind that whenever you are comparing two variable the return type will always be logical.
5. now, the next part is character data type
6. image
7. quotes do matter a lot when you want to differentiate between numeric or int & char value.
8. This was all about handling objects in R and the next topic will be the data types in R. 

# Data types in R #

• There are several basic R objects & data types that we encounter frequently on our R programming.
• Data types can be listed as.
1. Vectors
2. Lists
3. Matrices
4. Data Frames
5. Factors

# Vector #

• A vector is a list of main components which have same data types.
• Vector can be defined by using c() in R.
• A vector is a sequence of data elements of the same basic type.
• Members in a vector are officially called Components.
• length of vector can also be computed, combined and vector arithmetic is done member by member.
• Vector can be of integer, numeric, character or logical type.

# Vector Index #

• Values in a vector can be retrieved by declaring an index inside a single square bracket[].

         for ex. c[3]

                    c[3:5]

• If the index is negative, it would strip the member whose position has the same absolute value as the negative index.

 # Numeric Vector Index #

• A new