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  Data model and its types A database model shows the logical structure of a database Also define database relationships and constrains that define how data can be stored, organised and manipulation. Individual database models are designed based on the rules and concepts. There are many types of the database model in database. A database model shows the logical structure of a database. Also define database relationships and constrains that define how data can be stored, organised and manipulation. TYPES OF DATABSE MODELS Hierarchical database model Network model Entity-relationship model Relational model Object oriented database model Document model Entity-attribute-value model Star schema The object-relational model,which combines the two that make up its name

Basics of Java INTROCUCTION Java was invented by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Werth, E.D.Frank and Mike Sheridan at Sun Microsystems. Inc.in 1991. It took 18 months to complete the first working version of java. -The language was initially called as Oak but was renamed as JAVA in 1995. -In 1992 Java was officially known as "Oak". -In 1995 Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 -In 1998-1999 the Java 2.0 was released. In this version there was a support for various such as J2EE, J2ME. - For marketing purpose, Sun renamed to J2 versions as Java EE, Java ME & Java SE. In 2007, sun released java as Open Source Software. In 2010, Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems.

  DATABASE SCHEMA A Schema can be defined as the design of a database The overall description of the database is called the database schema. It defines how the data is organized and how the the relations among them are associated. ex. (user store student details in Database)  It can be categorized into three parts. 1. view schema Defined as the design of database at view level At view level, a user can able to interact with the system 2. Logical schema Programmer work on that level at this level, data can be described as certain types of data records which can stored in the form of data structure. 3. Physical schema Data are storage(in bytes, gigabytes, terabytes or higher) in memory and these elements often remain hidden from the programmer.

File based system   File based systems done through computer where all the information is stored in different computer files. file based systems were developed as batter alternative to paper based filing systems. file based systems are an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system. -The problems that arise with file based system are listed below. 1) Redundancy of Data( Duplication of data) having multiple copies of the same data the same data may be duplicated in more than one file  2) Inconsistent Data  When the same data stored in multiple location, the inconsistency may occur. actually redundancy leads to Inconsistency. example) Update problem 3) Data separation and isolation Data is isolated in separate files. It is difficult to update and to access particular information from data files. 4) Incompatible file formats The structure of data file is dependent on the programming language in which the application program was developed. ex) c+...

Why DBMS is IMPORTANT?  Importance of DBMS contains DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise DBMS provides an environment that is both convenient and efficient to use  #Database Applications: - Banking : all transactions - Airlines : reservations, schedules - Universities : Registration, grades - Sales : customers, products, purchases - Manufacturing : production, orders, supply chain - Human resources : employee records, salaries, tax deduction database touch all aspects of our lives It helps make data management more efficient and effective A database management system stores, organizes and manages a large amount of information within a single software application. Use of this system increases efficiency of business operations and reduces overall costs. Database can be maintained manually or through Electronic devices such as manually means data can be stored in paper files and diaries. another way to store data is electronically. Database can be sto...

  What is Database? - The design of a DBMS depends on its architecture. -Database Architecture done through polices, rules and standards. -Architecture control that how to store data and how to use data. -Database Architecture is logically divided into three types. ONE TIER ARCHITECTURE :   (simple and easy presentation layer) All in one computer application data  presentation example: MS Office (word, Excel )  TWO TIER ARCHITECTURE : (client server architecture) Used for Application program that runs of client side clients are direct communication faster communication done by ODBC(OPEN DATABASE CONNECTIVITY) example: college/ organization THREE TIER ARCHITECTURE : (used for WEB APPLICATION) (internet) example: Facebook client-web server-Database server here, we can see that user is using a social media like Facebook so he will become client and now he will register himself and enter his details then that data will be pass to the web server. This data will be v...

 WHAT IS DBMS? WHAT IS DBMS? DBMS STANDS FOR DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. (DBMS का मतलब है  डेटाबेस मैनेजमेंट सिस्टम ) WE CAN REPRESNET IT AS MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION LIKE... DBMS= DATABASE + MANAGEMENT + SYSTEM NOW WE WILL LEARN ABOUT THESE WHOLE WORD... DATABASE Database is a place where related peace of information is stored and various operations can be performed on it. डेटाबेस एक एसी जगह है जहाँ पर डाटा को संगृहीत किया जाता है और उसपे कई तरह के ओपरेशन परफोर्म किये जाते है | Database means collection of interrelated data where data can be easily access, managed and updated. डेटाबेस का मतलब है  डाटा का संग्रह करना जहाँ से उसे एक्सेस मैनेज और अपडेट किया जा सके | (example:- student details) #2.MANAGEMENT A database management system is Software that provide user to stores data. डेटाबेस मैनेजमेंट सिस्टम  एक एसा सॉफ्टवेर है जो यूजर को सॉफ्टवेर के जरिये  डाटा  संग्रह करता है. It becomes easier to retrieve, manipulate and produce information for user. SYSTEM It ...

DBMS TUTORIALS This tutorial will helpful for the students who wants to understand each and every topic of particular subject  INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION OF DATABASE What is DBMS? What is Database? Why DBMS is Important? What is DBMS vs FILE BASED SYSTEM? What is Data schemas 2. DATA MODEL What is data model? Types of Data models. what is E-R Model? what is E-R Diagram and how to draw it. 3. DR.CODD'S 12 RULES Which are Dr. Codd's rules? 4. RELATIONAL DATABASE DESIGN What is relational database design? Relational Database design part-2 What is Database joins and types of join? 5. TRANSACTION AND  CONCURRENCY What is Database Key? Which type of database key. What is Database Transaction? What is Database concurrency control? What is Database lock concurrency control? which type of lock  lock concurrency control. FINAL QUIZ