File based system 

File based systems done through computer where all the information is stored in different computer files.

• file based systems were developed as batter alternative to paper based filing systems.
• file based systems are an early attempt to computerize the manual filing system.
  

-The problems that arise with file based system are listed below.

1) Redundancy of Data( Duplication of data)

• having multiple copies of the same data
• the same data may be duplicated in more than one file 

2) Inconsistent Data 

• When the same data stored in multiple location, the inconsistency may occur.
• actually redundancy leads to Inconsistency.

example) Update problem

3) Data separation and isolation

• Data is isolated in separate files.
• It is difficult to update and to access particular information from data files.

4) Incompatible file formats

• The structure of data file is dependent on the programming language in which the application program was developed.

ex) c++, Java

5) Limited data sharing

• In file based system each application program uses its own private data files.
• so systems do not provide the facility to share data of a data-file among multiple users on the network difficult to isolation.